I-TASSER results

I-TASSER results for job id Rv3491

[Click on result.tar.bz2 to download the tarball file including all modelling results listed on this page]

Input Sequence in FASTA format

>protein (192 residues)
MNIRCGLAAGAVICSAVALGIALHSGDPARALGPPPDGSYSFNQAGVSGVTWTITALCDQ
PSGTRNMNDYSDPIVWAFNCALNVVSTTPQQITRTDRLQNFSGRARMSSMLWTFQVNQAD
GVACPDGSTAPSSETYAFSDETLTGTHTTVHGAVCGLQPKLSKQPFSLQLIGPPPSPVQR
YPLYCNNIAMCY

Predicted Secondary Structure

Sequence	20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| MNIRCGLAAGAVICSAVALGIALHSGDPARALGPPPDGSYSFNQAGVSGVTWTITALCDQPSGTRNMNDYSDPIVWAFNCALNVVSTTPQQITRTDRLQNFSGRARMSSMLWTFQVNQADGVACPDGSTAPSSETYAFSDETLTGTHTTVHGAVCGLQPKLSKQPFSLQLIGPPPSPVQRYPLYCNNIAMCY
Prediction	CCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEEEEEEHCCCCCCEEEEEHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEHCCEEEEEEEHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEEEEHCCEEEEEEHCCCCEHCCCCCCCCEEEEEEEHCCCCCEEEEHCCCCCCCCCCCEEEEEEEEEEHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Conf.Score	974667889999999999998756788876678877658999987877658999985678887766566666544444558999857886655444446665568997767999998589766899886675899999688665689985788888886568876899985689998877877666765469
	H:Helix; S:Strand; C:Coil

Predicted Solvent Accessibility

Sequence	20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| MNIRCGLAAGAVICSAVALGIALHSGDPARALGPPPDGSYSFNQAGVSGVTWTITALCDQPSGTRNMNDYSDPIVWAFNCALNVVSTTPQQITRTDRLQNFSGRARMSSMLWTFQVNQADGVACPDGSTAPSSETYAFSDETLTGTHTTVHGAVCGLQPKLSKQPFSLQLIGPPPSPVQRYPLYCNNIAMCY
Prediction	541231112120221011102123333234345432413121345444421010102134443243144144233323313231343444434435434525241313523030305364314037143333432030354314233433453314233423523030334533543164121304424316
	Values range from 0 (buried residue) to 8 (highly exposed residue)

Predicted Normalized B-facotr

(B-factor is a value to indicate the extent of the inherent thermal mobility of residues/atoms in proteins. In I-TASSER, this value is deduced from threading template proteins from the PDB in combination with the sequence profiles derived from sequence databases. The reported B-factor profile in the figure below corresponds to the normalized B-factor of the target protein, defined by B=(B'-u)/s, where B' is the raw B-factor value, u and s are respectively the mean and standard deviation of the raw B-factors along the sequence. (Click here to read more about predicted normalized B-factor)

Top 10 threading templates used by I-TASSER

Rank

PDB
Hit

Iden1

Iden2

Cov

Norm.
Zscore

Download
Align.

                  20                  40                  60                  80                 100                 120                 140                 160                 180

                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |

Sec.Str
Seq

CCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEEEEEEHCCCCCCEEEEEHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEHCCEEEEEEEHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEEEEHCCEEEEEEHCCCCEHCCCCCCCCEEEEEEEHCCCCCEEEEHCCCCCCCCCCCEEEEEEEEEEHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
MNIRCGLAAGAVICSAVALGIALHSGDPARALGPPPDGSYSFNQAGVSGVTWTITALCDQPSGTRNMNDYSDPIVWAFNCALNVVSTTPQQITRTDRLQNFSGRARMSSMLWTFQVNQADGVACPDGSTAPSSETYAFSDETLTGTHTTVHGAVCGLQPKLSKQPFSLQLIGPPPSPVQRYPLYCNNIAMCY

5fhhA2

0.10

0.09

0.97

0.74

MUSTER

QAVRLGRCSD-----EVTRQLQATASHKVGRDGIVATRLCTQELPGKVHRFEAMDSNPELASTLDAQCPVSQLLQLKLGAQVMLVKNLSVSRGLVNARGVVLPQVRFLCGVTEWTVQATGGQLLS-RQQLPLQLAWAMSIHKSQGMTLDCVEISLGRVFASGQAYVALSRARSLQLDFDPMAVRCDPRVLHF

5fhhA2

0.09

1.00

0.65

dPPAS

QTFISLLQAVRLCSDEVTRQLQATASHKVGRDGIVATRLCTQELPGKVHRFEAMDSNPELASTLDAQCPVSQLLQLKLGAQVMLVKNLSVSRGLVNARGVVLPQVRFLCGVTEVIHADRWTVQATGGQQLPLQLAWAMSIHKSQGMTLDCVEISLGRVFASGQAYVALSRARSLQLDFDPMAVRCDPRVLHF

1zrtE

0.11

0.09

0.80

0.69

wdPPAS

LYATAATGVVVTGAAVWPLINQMNASADVKAMSAVEVGQLTVKWRGKPVFIRRRDEKDIELARSVPLGALRDTSAENANKPGAEATDENRTLPAFDGTNT-GEWLVMLGGMGD-KSGDFGGWFCPHGS--------HYD---SAGRIRK----------------------GPAPRNLDIPVAAFVDLG---

5g23A

0.17

0.15

0.89

0.73

wMUSTER

-----GRLADELSLTATVLARELYTV------GYRLTGQALVLSPSSQGDGVQGWFLCEAGMEEICMGEVRGTGYEVNQGALRWGACKGEGCAPLPNNPVLGGVAYLEGGTWKQAVNLPEGAS----PKVSALALYLLASVPVGGAPAFTPGSTLSYPPGLTSSLLEL-----PGAPNDGRLVQTPNLAR--

1zrtE

0.12

0.09

0.76

0.73

wPPAS

-RFLYHATAATGVVVTGAAVWPL-ASADVKAMSAVEVGQLTVKWRGK---VFIRRRD--ELARSVPLGALRDT-----------SAENANKPGAEATDENLPAFDGTNTGEWLVMLGV-----CT-GCVP------MGDKSGDFGGWF------CGS-------HYDSARIGPAPRNLDIPVAAFVDLG---

4h04A3

0.13

0.08

0.66

0.93

dPPAS2

--------------------------------TPVDAGIYDIQLKSISKGPWELITTPDVSGKCLALFTGSKHLDVVTQVGARPELRNCADVSVG--QDQRNTANERNTQKWQIRAD-------KDGKYALTQQRLAIATGNEQNIDLETHRPAAGT---VAQFPADLVS----------------------

4h04A3

0.11

0.07

0.68

0.84

PPAS

--------------------------------TPVDAGIYDIQLKSISKGPWELITTPDVSGKCLALFTGSKHLDVVTQVGARPELRNCADVSVG--QDQRNTANERNTQKWQIRADKDGKYTISPALTQ---QRLAIATGNEQNIDLETHRPAAG---TVAQFPADLVS----------------------

3fosA

0.08

0.94

0.69

Env-PPAS

KQEASVLLNLHRNKINYLIGETARTSLSIAIDRPVDIKKILEKTFDSEPRFSGLYFLNAKGDVTASTTELKTKVNL---------ADRSFFIKAKETKKTVISDSYSITGQPIFTICVP--VLDSKRNVT-DYLVAAIQIDYLKNLINLLSPDVVNQDGKIFASASHAEDQKPVSGYLDDIKVYPNPVTIEE

5g23A

0.17

0.16

0.90

0.72

MUSTER

-----GRLADELSLTATVLARELYTV------GYRLTGQALVLSPSSQGDGVQGWFLCEAGMEEICMGEVRGTGYEVNQGALRWGACKGEGCAPLPNNPVLGGVAYLEGGTWKR---QAQAVNLRPEGASPKVSALALY---LLASVPVRGGAPAFTPGSTLSYPLTSSLLELPGAPNDGRLVQTPNLAR--

4cfiA

0.09

0.99

0.63

dPPAS

ASDASALQQEVAQQISEVNRIASQTNYNGKNILDGSAGTLSFQVGANVGQTVSVDLT--QSMSAAKIGGGMVQTGQTLGTIKVAIDSSGAAWSSGSTGQETTQINVVSDGKGGFTFTDQNNQALSSTAVTAVFGSSTAGTGTAASPSFQTLALSTSATSALSATDQANATAMVAQINAVNKPQTVSNLDIST

(a)	Iden1 is the number of template residues identical to query divided by number of aligned residues.
(b)	Iden2 is the number of template residues identical to query divided by query sequence length.
(c)	Cov is equal the number of aligned template residues divided by query sequence length.
(d)	Norm. Zscore is the normalized Z-score of the threading alignments. A Normalized Z-score >1 means a good alignment.
(e)	Download Align. list the threading program used to identify the template provide the 3D structure of aligned regions of threading templates.

Top 5 final models predicted by I-TASSER

(For each target, I-TASSER simulations generate a large ensemble of structural conformations, called decoys. To select the final models, I-TASSER uses the SPICKER program to cluster all the decoys based on the pair-wise structure similarity, and reports up to five models which corresponds to the five largest structure clusters. The confidence of each model is quantitatively measured by C-score that is calculated based on the significance of threading template alignments and the convergence parameters of the structure assembly simulations. C-score is typically in the range of [-5, 2], where a C-score of higher value signifies a model with a high confidence and vice-versa. TM-score and RMSD are estimated based on C-score and protein length following the correlation observed between these qualities. Since the top 5 models are ranked by the cluster size, it is possible that the lower-rank models have a higher C-score in rare cases. Although the first model has a better quality in most cases, it is also possible that the lower-rank models have a better quality than the higher-rank models as seen in our benchmark tests. If the I-TASSER simulations converge, it is possible to have less than 5 clusters generated. This is usually an indication that the models have a good quality because of the converged simulations.)

More about C-score

Local structure accuracy of first model

Download Model 1

C-score=-3.75

Estimated TM-score = 0.31±0.10

Estimated RMSD = 14.2±3.8Å

Download Model 2

C-score=-3.81

Download Model 3

C-score=-5.00

Download Model 4

C-score=-5.00

Download Model 5

C-score=-4.45

Proteins structureally close to the target in PDB (as identified by TM-align

(After the structure assembly simulation, I-TASSER uses the TM-align structural alignment program to match the first I-TASSER model to all structures in the PDB library. This section reports the top 10 proteins from the PDB that have the closest structural similarity, i.e. the highest TM-score, to the predicted I-TASSER model. Due to the structural similarity, these proteins often have similar function to the target. However, users are encouraged to use the data in the next section 'Predicted function using COACH' to infer the function of the target protein, since COACH has been extensively trained to derive biological functions from multi-source of sequence and structure features which has on average a higher accuracy than the function annotations derived only from the global structure comparison.)

Top 10 Identified stuctural analogs in PDB

Rank	PDB Hit	TM-score	RMSD^a	IDEN^a	Cov
1	5g23A	0.585	4.23	0.145	0.828
2	3mktA	0.482	5.14	0.067	0.750
3	1dgjA	0.449	4.71	0.066	0.708
4	4zohA	0.449	4.56	0.044	0.703
5	4z3nA	0.444	5.28	0.051	0.719
6	4lz6A	0.438	5.32	0.081	0.740
7	1t3qB	0.438	4.77	0.058	0.708
8	1jroB	0.436	4.81	0.037	0.698
9	4uhwA4	0.435	5.03	0.077	0.724
10	3zyvA4	0.434	4.83	0.052	0.693

(a)	Query structure is shown in cartoon, while the structural analog is displayed using backbone trace.
(b)	Ranking of proteins is based on TM-score of the structural alignment between the query structure and known structures in the PDB library.
(c)	RMSD^a is the RMSD between residues that are structurally aligned by TM-align.
(d)	IDEN^a is the percentage sequence identity in the structurally aligned region.
(e)	Cov represents the coverage of the alignment by TM-align and is equal to the number of structurally aligned residues divided by length of the query protein.

Predicted function using COACH

(This section reports biological annotations of the target protein by COACH based on the I-TASSER structure prediction. COACH is a meta-server approach that combines multiple function annotation results from the COFACTOR, TM-SITE and S-SITE programs.)

Ligand binding sites

Rank	C-score	Cluster size	PDB Hit	Lig Name	Download Complex	Ligand Binding Site Residues
1	0.04	2	3v8eA	MG	Rep, Mult	125,127,129
2	0.04	2	1umxL	BPB	Rep, Mult	11,14,15,18,19,50
3	0.04	2	2muvD	3LW	Rep, Mult	3,10
4	0.04	2	1nnqA	ZN	Rep, Mult	58,80,124,155
5	0.04	2	1smyF	MG	Rep, Mult	7,8,146
6	0.04	2	4v1fA	BQ1	Rep, Mult	17,18,21
7	0.04	2	3ir5B	SF4	Rep, Mult	44,45,114,115,116,124,128,131
8	0.02	1	4n6hA	OLA	Rep, Mult	11,14,15,18
9	0.02	1	2ag4B	OLA	Rep, Mult	82,141,143
10	0.02	1	2a9cA	MO	Rep, Mult	80,81
11	0.02	1	2hj6L	PS2	Rep, Mult	15,50
12	0.02	1	3pfdC	IOD	Rep, Mult	12,136
13	0.02	1	1q16B	F3S	Rep, Mult	35,36,37,40,54,58,59,71
14	0.02	1	1r27D	F3S	Rep, Mult	11,12,138,146,147,181
15	0.02	1	2wsc4	CLA	Rep, Mult	156,158
16	0.02	1	3a44C	ZN	Rep, Mult	124,155
17	0.02	1	1dgjA	FES	Rep, Mult	44,45,46,50,111,112
18	0.02	1	2h8pC	GOA	Rep, Mult	38,40

	Download the all possible binding ligands and detailed prediction summary.
	Download the templates clustering results.
(a)	C-score is the confidence score of the prediction. C-score ranges [0-1], where a higher score indicates a more reliable prediction.
(b)	Cluster size is the total number of templates in a cluster.
(c)	Lig Name is name of possible binding ligand. Click the name to view its information in the BioLiP database.
(d)	Rep is a single complex structure with the most representative ligand in the cluster, i.e., the one listed in the Lig Name column. Mult is the complex structures with all potential binding ligands in the cluster.

Enzyme Commission (EC) numbers and active sites

Rank	Cscore^EC	PDB Hit	TM-score	RMSD^a	IDEN^a	Cov	EC Number	Active Site Residues
1	0.060	2gokA	0.394	5.53	0.033	0.688	3.5.2.7	NA
2	0.060	1xmeA	0.397	5.46	0.050	0.672	1.9.3.1	NA
3	0.060	2q01C	0.398	5.37	0.088	0.677	5.3.1.12	137
4	0.060	1jrpB	0.438	4.69	0.043	0.693	1.17.1.4	111
5	0.060	2gq1A	0.387	5.02	0.075	0.615	3.1.3.11	NA
6	0.060	2v3wA	0.407	5.22	0.047	0.667	4.1.1.7	NA
7	0.060	1y5nB	0.422	5.29	0.061	0.708	1.7.99.4	28,58
8	0.060	1peuA	0.400	5.78	0.043	0.719	1.17.4.1	NA
9	0.060	2pfrA	0.398	5.89	0.061	0.760	2.3.1.5	59
10	0.060	1ezfB	0.395	5.61	0.065	0.698	2.5.1.21	16
11	0.060	1jroB	0.436	4.81	0.037	0.698	1.1.1.204	NA
12	0.060	1t3qB	0.438	4.77	0.058	0.708	1.3.99.17	NA
13	0.060	1hm7B	0.403	5.84	0.058	0.734	4.2.3.7,4.6.1.5	NA
14	0.060	1d9qB	0.397	4.56	0.058	0.615	3.1.3.11	140
15	0.060	1hm7A	0.397	6.02	0.064	0.734	4.2.3.7,4.6.1.5	NA
16	0.060	1rm6A	0.433	5.05	0.056	0.724	1.3.99.20	NA
17	0.060	1ox0A	0.396	5.92	0.049	0.750	2.3.1.41	138
18	0.060	2pqtA	0.396	5.82	0.049	0.750	2.3.1.5	NA
19	0.060	2pffD	0.397	5.93	0.056	0.740	2.3.1.86	NA

(a)	Cscore^EC is the confidence score for the EC number prediction. Cscore^EC values range in between [0-1]; where a higher score indicates a more reliable EC number prediction.
(b)	TM-score is a measure of global structural similarity between query and template protein.
(c)	RMSD^a is the RMSD between residues that are structurally aligned by TM-align.
(d)	IDEN^a is the percentage sequence identity in the structurally aligned region.
(e)	Cov represents the coverage of global structural alignment and is equal to the number of structurally aligned residues divided by length of the query protein.

Gene Ontology (GO) terms

Rank	Cscore^GO	TM-score	RMSD^a	IDEN^a	Cov	PDB Hit	Associated GO Terms
Homologous GO templates in PDB
0	0.07	0.482	5.14	0.07	0.75	3mktA
1	0.07	0.437	4.90	0.06	0.71	2e1qA	GO:0001933 GO:0001937 GO:0003824 GO:0004854 GO:0004855 GO:0005506 GO:0005576 GO:0005615 GO:0005737 GO:0005777 GO:0005829 GO:0006195 GO:0006919 GO:0007595 GO:0009055 GO:0009115 GO:0010629 GO:0016491 GO:0016529 GO:0016614 GO:0016903 GO:0030856 GO:0042803 GO:0043546 GO:0045602 GO:0046872 GO:0050660 GO:0051536 GO:0051537 GO:0051898 GO:0055114 GO:1900745 GO:1900747 GO:2000379 GO:2001213
2	0.06	0.434	4.90	0.07	0.71	4uhxA	GO:0003824 GO:0004031 GO:0004854 GO:0005506 GO:0005737 GO:0005829 GO:0006954 GO:0009055 GO:0009115 GO:0016491 GO:0016614 GO:0042816 GO:0043546 GO:0046872 GO:0050660 GO:0051287 GO:0051536 GO:0051537 GO:0055114 GO:0070062 GO:0072593
3	0.06	0.438	5.31	0.07	0.72	5c6pA	GO:0006855 GO:0015238 GO:0015297 GO:0016020 GO:0016021 GO:0055085
4	0.06	0.439	5.29	0.07	0.71	4mlbB	GO:0006855 GO:0015238 GO:0015297 GO:0016020 GO:0016021 GO:0055085
5	0.06	0.447	5.10	0.05	0.72	3vvpA	GO:0006855 GO:0015238 GO:0015297 GO:0016020 GO:0016021 GO:0055085
6	0.06	0.383	5.84	0.04	0.72	1e6vA	GO:0015948 GO:0016740 GO:0046872 GO:0050524
7	0.06	0.356	6.21	0.07	0.67	2ckjA	GO:0001933 GO:0001937 GO:0003824 GO:0004854 GO:0004855 GO:0005506 GO:0005576 GO:0005615 GO:0005737 GO:0005777 GO:0005829 GO:0006195 GO:0006919 GO:0007595 GO:0009055 GO:0009115 GO:0010629 GO:0016491 GO:0016529 GO:0016614 GO:0016903 GO:0030856 GO:0042803 GO:0043546 GO:0045602 GO:0046872 GO:0050660 GO:0051536 GO:0051537 GO:0051898 GO:0055114 GO:1900745 GO:1900747 GO:2000379 GO:2001213
8	0.06	0.349	5.59	0.04	0.62	4lxfA	GO:0003824 GO:0005975 GO:0046872
9	0.06	0.359	5.45	0.05	0.64	4dwrB	GO:0000394 GO:0003677 GO:0003972 GO:0004518 GO:0004519 GO:0006314 GO:0006396 GO:0008033 GO:0008452 GO:0016539 GO:0016787 GO:0016874 GO:0019002 GO:0030145 GO:0046872 GO:0090305
10	0.06	0.354	5.88	0.05	0.65	1fo4A	GO:0003824 GO:0004854 GO:0004855 GO:0005506 GO:0005576 GO:0005615 GO:0005737 GO:0005777 GO:0005829 GO:0009055 GO:0009115 GO:0016491 GO:0016614 GO:0016903 GO:0043546 GO:0046872 GO:0050660 GO:0051536 GO:0051537 GO:0055114
11	0.06	0.355	6.06	0.05	0.65	1n63B	GO:0005507 GO:0016491 GO:0018492 GO:0030151 GO:0046872 GO:0055114
12	0.06	0.436	4.81	0.04	0.70	1jroB	GO:0016491 GO:0030151 GO:0046872 GO:0055114
13	0.06	0.329	5.99	0.01	0.62	3m84B	GO:0000166 GO:0004641 GO:0005524 GO:0005737 GO:0006164 GO:0006189 GO:0016874
14	0.06	0.373	5.27	0.04	0.61	1ffuB	GO:0005507 GO:0016491 GO:0018492 GO:0030151 GO:0046872 GO:0055114
15	0.06	0.331	5.32	0.04	0.56	3ax7A	GO:0003824 GO:0004854 GO:0004855 GO:0005506 GO:0005576 GO:0005615 GO:0005737 GO:0005777 GO:0005829 GO:0009055 GO:0009115 GO:0016491 GO:0016614 GO:0016903 GO:0043546 GO:0046872 GO:0050660 GO:0051536 GO:0051537 GO:0055114
16	0.06	0.433	5.05	0.06	0.72	1rm6A	GO:0016491 GO:0018525 GO:0055114
17	0.06	0.330	5.84	0.05	0.61	2ashA	GO:0005737 GO:0006400 GO:0008033 GO:0008479 GO:0008616 GO:0016740 GO:0016757 GO:0046872
18	0.06	0.308	5.36	0.05	0.52	2h0uA	GO:0000166 GO:0016491 GO:0042802 GO:0055114

Consensus prediction of GO terms

Molecular Function	GO:0050660	GO:0051537	GO:0043546	GO:0009055	GO:0004854	GO:0016614	GO:0005506	GO:0015238	GO:0015297	GO:0004031	GO:0042803	GO:0051287	GO:0004855
GO-Score	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.12	0.12	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07
Biological Processes	GO:0055114	GO:0009115	GO:0006855	GO:0006195	GO:0051898	GO:0006954	GO:0042816	GO:0001933	GO:2001213	GO:1900745	GO:0010629	GO:0001937	GO:1900747	GO:0006919	GO:0045602	GO:2000379	GO:0007595
GO-Score	0.13	0.13	0.12	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07
Cellular Component	GO:0005829	GO:0016021	GO:0005777	GO:0070062	GO:0005615	GO:0016529
GO-Score	0.13	0.12	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07

(a)	Cscore^GO is a combined measure for evaluating global and local similarity between query and template protein. It's range is [0-1] and higher values indicate more confident predictions.
(b)	TM-score is a measure of global structural similarity between query and template protein.
(c)	RMSD^a is the RMSD between residues that are structurally aligned by TM-align.
(d)	IDEN^a is the percentage sequence identity in the structurally aligned region.
(e)	Cov represents the coverage of global structural alignment and is equal to the number of structurally aligned residues divided by length of the query protein.
(f)	The second table shows a consensus GO terms amongst the top scoring templates. The GO-Score associated with each prediction is defined as the average weight of the GO term, where the weights are assigned based on Cscore^GO of the template.

[Click on result.tar.bz2 to download the tarball file including all modelling results listed on this page]

Please cite the following articles when you use the I-TASSER server:
1.	J Yang, R Yan, A Roy, D Xu, J Poisson, Y Zhang. The I-TASSER Suite: Protein structure and function prediction. Nature Methods, 12: 7-8, 2015.
2.	J Yang, Y Zhang. I-TASSER server: new development for protein structure and function predictions, Nucleic Acids Research, 43: W174-W181, 2015.
3.	A Roy, A Kucukural, Y Zhang. I-TASSER: a unified platform for automated protein structure and function prediction. Nature Protocols, 5: 725-738, 2010.
4.	Y Zhang. I-TASSER server for protein 3D structure prediction. BMC Bioinformatics, 9: 40, 2008.