I-TASSER results

I-TASSER results for job id Rv2260

[Click on result.tar.bz2 to download the tarball file including all modelling results listed on this page]

Input Sequence in FASTA format

>protein (211 residues)
MAAIERVITHGTFELDGGSWEVDNNIWLVGDDSEVVVFDAAHHAAPIIDAVGGRKVVAVI
CTHGHNDHVTVAPELGTALDAPVLMHPGDAVLWRMTHPDKSFRAVSDGDAVRVGGTELRA
LHTPGHSPGSVCWYAPELGPGTGTVFSGDTLFAGGPGATGRSYSDFPTILRSISGRLGAL
PGDTVVHTGHGDSTTIGDEIVHYEEWVARGH

Predicted Secondary Structure

Sequence	20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| MAAIERVITHGTFELDGGSWEVDNNIWLVGDDSEVVVFDAAHHAAPIIDAVGGRKVVAVICTHGHNDHVTVAPELGTALDAPVLMHPGDAVLWRMTHPDKSFRAVSDGDAVRVGGTELRALHTPGHSPGSVCWYAPELGPGTGTVFSGDTLFAGGPGATGRSYSDFPTILRSISGRLGALPGDTVVHTGHGDSTTIGDEIVHYEEWVARGH
Prediction	CCCCCEEEEEEEEEEEEEEHCCCCEEEEEEHCCEEEEHCCCCCHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEHCCCCCHHHCHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEHCHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCEHCCCCEEEEHCCEEEEEEHCCCCCCCCEEEEHCCCCCCCCEEEEHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEHCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHCHHHHHCCC
Conf.Score	9875467776689997566556666999998998999889998999999996996569995998866655899999998997997877889886688999967758998999989999999869999995899966778889889985689999988899999999999999999864689978997899998958999865978877589
	H:Helix; S:Strand; C:Coil

Predicted Solvent Accessibility

Sequence	20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| MAAIERVITHGTFELDGGSWEVDNNIWLVGDDSEVVVFDAAHHAAPIIDAVGGRKVVAVICTHGHNDHVTVAPELGTALDAPVLMHPGDAVLWRMTHPDKSFRAVSDGDAVRVGGTELRALHTPGHSPGSVCWYAPELGPGTGTVFSGDTLFAGGPGATGRSYSDFPTILRSISGRLGALPGDTVVHTGHGDSTTIGDEIVHYEEWVARGH
Prediction	7441442133330404423232010000001444000353243044016206725030000000020002004421751703020055045107445264323305442405026140301103340310000002336554300000304243101001146332620151035201744630100017235101240364144027348
	Values range from 0 (buried residue) to 8 (highly exposed residue)

Predicted Normalized B-facotr

(B-factor is a value to indicate the extent of the inherent thermal mobility of residues/atoms in proteins. In I-TASSER, this value is deduced from threading template proteins from the PDB in combination with the sequence profiles derived from sequence databases. The reported B-factor profile in the figure below corresponds to the normalized B-factor of the target protein, defined by B=(B'-u)/s, where B' is the raw B-factor value, u and s are respectively the mean and standard deviation of the raw B-factors along the sequence. (Click here to read more about predicted normalized B-factor)

Top 10 threading templates used by I-TASSER

Rank

PDB
Hit

Iden1

Iden2

Cov

Norm.
Zscore

Download
Align.

                  20                  40                  60                  80                 100                 120                 140                 160                 180                 200

                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |

Sec.Str
Seq

CCCCCEEEEEEEEEEEEEEHCCCCEEEEEEHCCEEEEHCCCCCHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEHCCCCCHHHCHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEHCHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCEHCCCCEEEEHCCEEEEEEHCCCCCCCCEEEEHCCCCCCCCEEEEHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEHCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHCHHHHHCCC
MAAIERVITHGTFELDGGSWEVDNNIWLVGDDSEVVVFDAAHHAAPIIDAVGGRKVVAVICTHGHNDHVTVAPELGTALDAPVLMHPGDAVLWRMTHPDKSFRAVSDGDAVRVGGTELRALHTPGHSPGSVCWYAPELGPGTGTVFSGDTLFAGGPGATGRSYSDFPTILRSISGRLGALPGDTVVHTGHGDSTTIGDEIVHYEEWVARGH

2xf4A

0.29

0.26

0.91

4.07

MUSTER

------------MNYRIIPVAFSQNCSLIWCTRLAALVDPGGDAEKIKQEVDAVTLMQILLTHGHLDHVGAASELAQHYGVPVIGPEKEDEFWLQGQPLTPDRWLNDGDRVSVGNVTLQVLHCPGHTPGHVVFFDEQ----SQLLISGDVIFKGGVGRSDFPRGDHTQLIDAIKRKLLPLGDDVTFIPGHGPLSTLGYERLHNPFLQD---

2xf4A

0.29

0.26

0.91

6.89

dPPAS

------------MNYRIIPVAFSQNCSLIWCTRLAALVDPGGDAEKIKQEVDAVTLMQILLTHGHLDHVGAASELAQHYGVPVIGPEKEDEFWLQCQPLTPDRWLNDGDRVSVGNVTLQVLHCPGHTPGHVVFFDEQ----SQLLISGDVIFKGGVGRSDFPRGDHTQLIDAIKRKLLPLGDDVTFIPGHGPLSTLGYERLHNPFLQD---

2xf4A

0.29

0.26

0.91

5.91

wdPPAS

------------MNYRIIPVAFSQNCSLIWCTRLAALVDPGGDAEKIKQEVDAVTLMQILLTHGHLDHVGAASELAQHYGVPVIGPEKEDEFWLQCQPLTPDRWLNDGDRVSVGNVTLQVLHCPGHTPGHVVFFDEQ----SQLLISGDVIFKGGVGRSDFPRGDHTQLIDAIKRKLLPLGDDVTFIPGHGPLSTLGYERLHNPFLQD---

2xf4A

0.29

0.26

0.91

4.57

wMUSTER

------------MNYRIIPVAFSQNCSLIWCTRLAALVDPGGDAEKIKQEVDAVTLMQILLTHGHLDHVGAASELAQHYGVPVIGPEKEDEFWLQGQPLTPDRWLNDGDRVSVGNVTLQVLHCPGHTPGHVVFFDEQ----SQLLISGDVIFKGGVGRSDFPRGDHTQLIDAIKRKLLPLGDDVTFIPGHGPLSTLGYERLHNPFLQD---

2xf4A

0.29

0.27

0.91

4.37

wPPAS

M-NYRIIPV-----------AFSQNCSLIWCTRLAALVDPGGDAEKIKQEVDAVTLMQILLTHGHLDHVGAASELAQHYGVPVIGPEKEDEFWLQGQPLTPDRWLNDGDRVSVGNVTLQVLHCPGHTPGHVVFFDEQ----SQLLISGDVIFKGGVGRSDFPRGDHTQLIDAIKRKLLPLGDDVTFIPGHGPLSTLGYERLHNPFLQD---

2xf4A

0.29

0.26

0.91

7.21

dPPAS2

------------MNYRIIPVAFSQNCSLIWCTRLAALVDPGGDAEKIKQEVDAVTLMQILLTHGHLDHVGAASELAQHYGVPVIGPEKEDEFWLQCQPLTPDRWLNDGDRVSVGNVTLQVLHCPGHTPGHVVFFDEQ----SQLLISGDVIFKGGVGRSDFPRGDHTQLIDAIKRKLLPLGDDVTFIPGHGPLSTLGYERLHNPFLQD---

2xf4A

0.29

0.27

0.91

4.21

PPAS

M-NYRIIPV-----------AFSQNCSLIWCTRLAALVDPGGDAEKIKQEVDAVTLMQILLTHGHLDHVGAASELAQHYGVPVIGPEKEDEFWLQCQPLTPDRWLNDGDRVSVGNVTLQVLHCPGHTPGHVVFFDEQ----SQLLISGDVIFKGGVGRSDFPRGDHTQLIDAIKRKLLPLGDDVTFIPGHGPLSTLGYERLHNPFLQD---

2xf4A

0.29

0.27

0.91

4.66

Env-PPAS

M-NYRIIPVT----------AFSQNCSLIWCERLAALVDPGGDAEKIKQEVDAVTLMQILLTHGHLDHVGAASELAQHYGVPVIGPEKEDEFWLQCQPLTPDRWLNDGDRVSVGNVTLQVLHCPGHTPGHVVFFDEQ----SQLLISGDVIFKGGVGRSDFPRGDHTQLIDAIKRKLLPLGDDVTFIPGHGPLSTLGYERLHNPFLQD---

2zwrB

0.33

0.30

0.90

3.78

MUSTER

M-RVFPVTLG----------PLQENAYLVETGEGPVLIDPGDEPEKLLALFQTLIPLAILLTHAHFDHVGAVAPLVEALDLPVYLHPLDLPLYEGPKPPLPVRPLEEGMRLF----GFQVLHLPGHSPGHVAFYDPE----GAQVFSGDLLFRGSVGRYDLPGADPKALFASLKRLL--LPPETRVHPGHGPGTTLGLEARTNPFLTGLEW

2zwrB

0.32

0.29

0.90

6.06

dPPAS

------------MRVFPVTLPLQENAYLVETGEGPVLIDPGDEPEKLLALFQTLIPLAILLTHAHFDHVGAVAPLVEALDLPVYLHPLDLPLYEGPKPPLPVRPLEEGMRLF----GFQVLHLPGHSPGHVAFYDPE----GAQVFSGDLLFRGSVGRYDLPGADPKALFASLKRLLS-LPPETRVHPGHGPGTTLGLEARTNPFLTGLEW

(a)	Iden1 is the number of template residues identical to query divided by number of aligned residues.
(b)	Iden2 is the number of template residues identical to query divided by query sequence length.
(c)	Cov is equal the number of aligned template residues divided by query sequence length.
(d)	Norm. Zscore is the normalized Z-score of the threading alignments. A Normalized Z-score >1 means a good alignment.
(e)	Download Align. list the threading program used to identify the template provide the 3D structure of aligned regions of threading templates.

Top 5 final models predicted by I-TASSER

(For each target, I-TASSER simulations generate a large ensemble of structural conformations, called decoys. To select the final models, I-TASSER uses the SPICKER program to cluster all the decoys based on the pair-wise structure similarity, and reports up to five models which corresponds to the five largest structure clusters. The confidence of each model is quantitatively measured by C-score that is calculated based on the significance of threading template alignments and the convergence parameters of the structure assembly simulations. C-score is typically in the range of [-5, 2], where a C-score of higher value signifies a model with a high confidence and vice-versa. TM-score and RMSD are estimated based on C-score and protein length following the correlation observed between these qualities. Since the top 5 models are ranked by the cluster size, it is possible that the lower-rank models have a higher C-score in rare cases. Although the first model has a better quality in most cases, it is also possible that the lower-rank models have a better quality than the higher-rank models as seen in our benchmark tests. If the I-TASSER simulations converge, it is possible to have less than 5 clusters generated. This is usually an indication that the models have a good quality because of the converged simulations.)

More about C-score

Local structure accuracy of first model

Download Model 1

C-score=1.04

Estimated TM-score = 0.86±0.07

Estimated RMSD = 3.4±2.4Å

Download Model 2

C-score=-0.87

Download Model 3

C-score=-1.74

Download Model 4

C-score=-2.31

Download Model 5

C-score=-2.78

Proteins structureally close to the target in PDB (as identified by TM-align

(After the structure assembly simulation, I-TASSER uses the TM-align structural alignment program to match the first I-TASSER model to all structures in the PDB library. This section reports the top 10 proteins from the PDB that have the closest structural similarity, i.e. the highest TM-score, to the predicted I-TASSER model. Due to the structural similarity, these proteins often have similar function to the target. However, users are encouraged to use the data in the next section 'Predicted function using COACH' to infer the function of the target protein, since COACH has been extensively trained to derive biological functions from multi-source of sequence and structure features which has on average a higher accuracy than the function annotations derived only from the global structure comparison.)

Top 10 Identified stuctural analogs in PDB

Rank	PDB Hit	TM-score	RMSD^a	IDEN^a	Cov
1	2xf4A	0.884	0.98	0.292	0.910
2	4yskA	0.854	2.48	0.257	0.957
3	4efzA	0.852	2.48	0.257	0.957
4	2p18A	0.835	2.11	0.199	0.938
5	2zwrB	0.834	1.65	0.312	0.896
6	2gcuA	0.833	2.03	0.228	0.910
7	1qh5A	0.825	1.77	0.254	0.896
8	4chlA	0.823	1.92	0.234	0.891
9	3r2uA	0.818	2.52	0.232	0.934
10	1xm8A	0.809	1.97	0.280	0.881

(a)	Query structure is shown in cartoon, while the structural analog is displayed using backbone trace.
(b)	Ranking of proteins is based on TM-score of the structural alignment between the query structure and known structures in the PDB library.
(c)	RMSD^a is the RMSD between residues that are structurally aligned by TM-align.
(d)	IDEN^a is the percentage sequence identity in the structurally aligned region.
(e)	Cov represents the coverage of the alignment by TM-align and is equal to the number of structurally aligned residues divided by length of the query protein.

Predicted function using COACH

(This section reports biological annotations of the target protein by COACH based on the I-TASSER structure prediction. COACH is a meta-server approach that combines multiple function annotation results from the COFACTOR, TM-SITE and S-SITE programs.)

Ligand binding sites

Rank	C-score	Cluster size	PDB Hit	Lig Name	Download Complex	Ligand Binding Site Residues
1	0.73	268	1ycfB	FEO	Rep, Mult	63,65,67,68,126,149,190
2	0.43	146	2zo4A	ZN	Rep, Mult	63,65,126,149
3	0.02	12	2bmiB	NA	Rep, Mult	24,25,39,67,146
4	0.02	12	1qh5A	GSH	Rep, Mult	67,126,149,152,156,157,158,161,190
5	0.01	4	2fhxA	AZI	Rep, Mult	39,62,63,146,148,149
6	0.01	8	1wupC	ZN	Rep, Mult	67,149,152,190
7	0.00	1	1qh3A	CAC	Rep, Mult	170,171,175
8	0.00	1	2hb9A	L13	Rep, Mult	54,76,77,79,80
9	0.00	3	2bfkB	AZI	Rep, Mult	126,152,160,161
10	0.00	1	4awyB	CA	Rep, Mult	150,188,189,190,193
11	0.00	1	4awyB	MG	Rep, Mult	92,95,99
12	0.00	4	2p18A	SPD	Rep, Mult	156,157,158,192,205
13	0.00	2	1jjeA	ZN	Rep, Mult	25,192
14	0.00	1	4awyB	MG	Rep, Mult	1,50
15	0.00	1	3m8tA	ZN	Rep, Mult	48,74,78
16	0.00	1	2fu7A	PHN	Rep, Mult	18,32,114,115,116,136,138
17	0.00	3	2ohjA	FE	Rep, Mult	125,126
18	0.00	1	3m8tA	ZN	Rep, Mult	5
19	0.00	1	4awyB	MG	Rep, Mult	193
20	0.00	1	4awzA	MG	Rep, Mult	200

	Download the all possible binding ligands and detailed prediction summary.
	Download the templates clustering results.
(a)	C-score is the confidence score of the prediction. C-score ranges [0-1], where a higher score indicates a more reliable prediction.
(b)	Cluster size is the total number of templates in a cluster.
(c)	Lig Name is name of possible binding ligand. Click the name to view its information in the BioLiP database.
(d)	Rep is a single complex structure with the most representative ligand in the cluster, i.e., the one listed in the Lig Name column. Mult is the complex structures with all potential binding ligands in the cluster.

Enzyme Commission (EC) numbers and active sites

Rank	Cscore^EC	PDB Hit	TM-score	RMSD^a	IDEN^a	Cov	EC Number	Active Site Residues
1	0.459	2p18A	0.835	2.11	0.199	0.938	3.1.2.6	67
2	0.450	1qh3A	0.824	1.77	0.254	0.896	3.1.2.6	67
3	0.146	1bvtA	0.784	3.03	0.146	0.943	3.5.2.6	67,153
4	0.119	1m2xA	0.766	2.97	0.164	0.929	3.5.2.6	67
5	0.104	2gmnA	0.753	3.12	0.200	0.915	3.5.2.6	67
6	0.096	1smlA	0.750	3.21	0.240	0.915	3.5.2.6	67
7	0.082	2zo4A	0.783	2.57	0.235	0.915	3.-.-.-	67
8	0.067	3dhaA	0.685	3.07	0.144	0.825	3.1.1.-	74
9	0.060	2ohhA	0.761	3.10	0.234	0.929	1.-.-.-	67
10	0.060	1djnA	0.474	5.01	0.071	0.754	1.5.8.2,1.5.99.7	63
11	0.060	1l9yA	0.752	3.32	0.169	0.924	3.5.2.6	67
12	0.060	1jjeB	0.766	2.85	0.165	0.919	3.5.2.6	67
13	0.060	3maxA	0.477	5.56	0.098	0.806	3.5.1.98	65
14	0.060	1p9eA	0.753	3.12	0.204	0.919	3.1.8.1	NA
15	0.060	2fk6A	0.602	3.65	0.151	0.777	3.1.26.11	24,73
16	0.060	2qedA	0.791	1.85	0.279	0.867	3.1.2.6	69,124
17	0.060	2fhxA	0.765	2.86	0.173	0.915	3.5.2.6	NA
18	0.060	1a8tA	0.790	2.93	0.163	0.943	3.5.2.6	23,66
19	0.060	1e5dA	0.757	2.91	0.153	0.915	1.-.-.-	NA
20	0.060	1qh5A	0.825	1.77	0.254	0.896	3.1.2.6	88,124,152
21	0.060	1x8hA	0.755	3.04	0.150	0.919	3.5.2.6	67
22	0.060	2q42A	0.808	1.98	0.280	0.881	3.1.2.6	23,124,152
23	0.060	1xm8A	0.809	1.97	0.280	0.881	3.1.2.6	67
24	0.060	4kbpA	0.486	5.13	0.050	0.758	3.1.3.2	66
25	0.060	1ko2A	0.763	3.17	0.161	0.929	3.5.2.6	67
26	0.060	1kbpA	0.484	5.10	0.050	0.754	3.1.3.2	NA
27	0.060	1ycfA	0.748	3.07	0.168	0.919	1.7.99.7	169

(a)	Cscore^EC is the confidence score for the EC number prediction. Cscore^EC values range in between [0-1]; where a higher score indicates a more reliable EC number prediction.
(b)	TM-score is a measure of global structural similarity between query and template protein.
(c)	RMSD^a is the RMSD between residues that are structurally aligned by TM-align.
(d)	IDEN^a is the percentage sequence identity in the structurally aligned region.
(e)	Cov represents the coverage of global structural alignment and is equal to the number of structurally aligned residues divided by length of the query protein.

Gene Ontology (GO) terms

Rank	Cscore^GO	TM-score	RMSD^a	IDEN^a	Cov	PDB Hit	Associated GO Terms
Homologous GO templates in PDB
0	0.59	0.818	2.52	0.23	0.93	3r2uA
1	0.59	0.824	1.77	0.25	0.90	1qh3A	GO:0004416 GO:0005737 GO:0005739 GO:0005759 GO:0005829 GO:0005975 GO:0006090 GO:0006749 GO:0006750 GO:0016787 GO:0019243 GO:0046872 GO:0070062
2	0.58	0.833	2.03	0.23	0.91	2gcuA	GO:0005739 GO:0009651 GO:0009793 GO:0009960 GO:0016491 GO:0016788 GO:0046872 GO:0047951 GO:0048316 GO:0050313 GO:0051213 GO:0055114
3	0.55	0.834	1.65	0.31	0.90	2zwrB	GO:0046872
4	0.53	0.783	2.57	0.23	0.91	2zo4A	GO:0046872
5	0.52	0.770	2.89	0.21	0.91	2q0jA	GO:0044550
6	0.50	0.738	2.73	0.20	0.87	3adrA	GO:0008270 GO:0046872
7	0.48	0.791	1.85	0.28	0.87	2qedA	GO:0004416 GO:0016787 GO:0019243 GO:0046872
8	0.45	0.753	3.12	0.20	0.92	1p9eA	GO:0016787 GO:0046872
9	0.43	0.824	2.07	0.24	0.90	4chlB	GO:0005506 GO:0005634 GO:0005654 GO:0005737 GO:0005739 GO:0005759 GO:0006749 GO:0016491 GO:0046872 GO:0050313 GO:0051213 GO:0055114 GO:0070221 GO:0070813
10	0.40	0.615	3.57	0.15	0.79	3g1pB	GO:0008081 GO:0016787 GO:0019700 GO:0030145 GO:0046872
11	0.40	0.775	2.99	0.19	0.92	4ad9A	GO:0004521 GO:0005739 GO:0005759 GO:0008270 GO:0016787 GO:0046872 GO:0090502
12	0.38	0.685	3.07	0.14	0.82	3dhaA	GO:0016787 GO:0046872 GO:0102007
13	0.36	0.754	3.00	0.19	0.91	3lvzB	GO:0046872
14	0.35	0.808	1.98	0.28	0.88	2q42A	GO:0004416 GO:0005506 GO:0005739 GO:0008270 GO:0016787 GO:0019243 GO:0046872
15	0.35	0.884	0.98	0.29	0.91	2xf4A	GO:0016787
16	0.34	0.835	2.11	0.20	0.94	2p18A	GO:0004416 GO:0016787 GO:0046872
17	0.31	0.733	3.40	0.21	0.91	4awyB	GO:0046872
18	0.30	0.752	3.18	0.24	0.91	5evdA	GO:0008270 GO:0008800 GO:0016787 GO:0017001 GO:0042597 GO:0046677 GO:0046872
19	0.28	0.761	2.41	0.20	0.87	2p97A	GO:0046872
20	0.26	0.752	3.32	0.17	0.92	1l9yA	GO:0008800 GO:0016787 GO:0046872
21	0.26	0.734	3.27	0.19	0.91	5axoA	GO:0046872
22	0.24	0.737	3.31	0.16	0.92	4xukA	GO:0016787
23	0.19	0.669	3.23	0.17	0.82	4le6A	GO:0004063 GO:0016311 GO:0016787 GO:0046872
24	0.19	0.852	2.48	0.26	0.96	4efzA	GO:0016787 GO:0046872
25	0.17	0.823	2.33	0.27	0.93	3tp9A	GO:0046872

Consensus prediction of GO terms

Molecular Function	GO:0046872	GO:0004416	GO:0050313	GO:0047951
GO-Score	0.96	0.59	0.58	0.58
Biological Processes	GO:0006750	GO:0005975	GO:0006090	GO:0019243	GO:0009960	GO:0009793	GO:0055114	GO:0009651
GO-Score	0.59	0.59	0.59	0.59	0.58	0.58	0.58	0.58
Cellular Component	GO:0070062	GO:0005759	GO:0005829
GO-Score	0.59	0.59	0.59

(a)	Cscore^GO is a combined measure for evaluating global and local similarity between query and template protein. It's range is [0-1] and higher values indicate more confident predictions.
(b)	TM-score is a measure of global structural similarity between query and template protein.
(c)	RMSD^a is the RMSD between residues that are structurally aligned by TM-align.
(d)	IDEN^a is the percentage sequence identity in the structurally aligned region.
(e)	Cov represents the coverage of global structural alignment and is equal to the number of structurally aligned residues divided by length of the query protein.
(f)	The second table shows a consensus GO terms amongst the top scoring templates. The GO-Score associated with each prediction is defined as the average weight of the GO term, where the weights are assigned based on Cscore^GO of the template.

[Click on result.tar.bz2 to download the tarball file including all modelling results listed on this page]

Please cite the following articles when you use the I-TASSER server:
1.	J Yang, R Yan, A Roy, D Xu, J Poisson, Y Zhang. The I-TASSER Suite: Protein structure and function prediction. Nature Methods, 12: 7-8, 2015.
2.	J Yang, Y Zhang. I-TASSER server: new development for protein structure and function predictions, Nucleic Acids Research, 43: W174-W181, 2015.
3.	A Roy, A Kucukural, Y Zhang. I-TASSER: a unified platform for automated protein structure and function prediction. Nature Protocols, 5: 725-738, 2010.
4.	Y Zhang. I-TASSER server for protein 3D structure prediction. BMC Bioinformatics, 9: 40, 2008.